Without obstaclePacked droplets break apart as they squeeze into the narrow constriction. Drops that will break are shown in red, and stay red as the two pieces they split into.
With obstacleAn obstacle placed upstream (striped circle) lets droplets rearrange first. At the optimal obstacle placement, break-up decreases by about 1000×.
Each droplet can hold its own reaction, such as a single cell or a chemical assay. To screen what's inside, droplets flow in single file so each can be measured one at a time. Packing droplets tightly speeds this up, but tightly packed droplets break apart as they squeeze into a narrow constriction, causing inaccurate measurements. My PhD research at Stanford focused on reducing droplet break-up. One way I did this was by adding an optimally placed obstacle upstream of the constriction (PNAS, 2021).
I'm a Staff Mechanical Engineer at Johnson & Johnson MedTech, where I work on the camera and visualization system for OTTAVA, J&J's surgical robot. Since joining J&J in 2021, I've worked on early-stage development projects including topical skin adhesives, lung cancer drug delivery tools, biomanufacturing process automation, and benchtop models that reduce the need for animal testing. I hold a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford focused on microfluidics, and a B.S.E. in Chemical Engineering from Princeton.